Ah nasution vs suharto biography
•
Anderson. (2017). Kudeta 1 Oktober 1965: Sebuah Analisis Awal. Yogyakarta: Gading Press.
Church, H. (1988). The Army and Politics in Indonesia. New York: Cornell University Press.
Dwipayana, & Sjamsuddin, N. (2003). Jejak Langkah Pak Harto 01 Oktober 1965-27 Maret 1968. Jakarta: CV Kharisma Bunda.
Fathurrohman, E. (2018). Peranan Jenderal AH Nasution Dalam Peristiwa 17 Oktober 1952. UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten.
Firdaus, D. W. (2016). Kebijakan Dwifungsi Abri Dalam Perluasan Peran Militer Di Bidang Sosial Politik Tahun 1966-1998. Jurnal UPI: Bandung, 1–13.
Jenkins, D. (2010). Soeharto dan Barisan Jendral Sakit Hati. Depok: Komunitas Bambu Press.
Kuswandi, K. (2015). Pengaruh Perang Kemerdekaan II Terhadap Pengakuan Kedaulatan RI Tanggal 27 December 1949. Jurnal Artefak, 3(2), 207–220.
Leni, N. (2013). Keterlibatan Militer dalam Kancah Politik di Indonesia. Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam, 9(1), 31–45.
Makruf, A. (2019). Peranan Abdul Haris Na
•
Suharto (8 June 1921- 27 January 2008)
A career soldier who commanded a country.
John Roosa
Taciturn, reserved, reclusive, emotionless, Suharto ruled Indonesia for 32 years as a mystery man, a dictator who presented himself as a faceless, replaceable figure in an apolitical administration. His speeches were dull, forgettable affairs filled with mind-numbing bureaucratese, worn clichés, and pious homilies. There is not a single statement by which he is remembered today. If asked, Indonesians struggle in vain to recall some memorable phrase from him, while even the youth can quote Sukarno, the president he overthrew in 1965. Suharto has left a wordless memory.
Rarely interviewed but frequently photographed, he is remembered by a gesture: a smile. It was how he wished to be known: his 1969 authorised biography was titled The Smiling General. It was a Cheshire cat smile, fixed in place, concealing, not expressing his emotional life, prompting puzzlement about the int
•
Abdul Haris Nasution
Indonesian army general (1918–2000)
Abdul Haris Nasution (Old Spelling: Abdoel Haris Nasution; 3 December 1918 – 6 September 2000) was a high-ranking Indonesian general and politician. He served in the military during the Indonesian National Revolution and he remained in the military during the subsequent turmoil of the Parliamentary democracy and Guided Democracy. Following the fall of President Sukarno from power, he became the Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly under President Suharto. Born into a Batak Muslim family, in the village of Hutapungkut, Dutch East Indies, he studied teaching and enrolled at a military academy in Bandung.
He became a member of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, but following the Japanese invasion, he joined the Defenders of the Homeland. Following the proclamation of independence, he enlisted in the fledgling Indonesian armed forces and fought during the Indonesian National Revolution. In 1946, he was appo